Venera

https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/15C18ii33FFyMc2KOsvrYfhADfHGkCj_jvhho47c-3RI/edit?usp=sharing

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5uthwHwQYkc

The use of Lithium-ion batteries and its dependency is increasing dangerously and the ability to reinstate the use of it is the need of the hour. Hence the proposed system which will be an addition of capacitance based storage systems with flywheel storage systems.

Hybridization of supercapacitor banks with Li-Ion batteries allows for decreasing the amount and duration of power loads on the batteries, and consequently extends the lifetime of the whole energy storage system.

Irrespective of the source of energy the storage units proposed is divided into two types:

Flywheel Energy Storage System:

It is a mechanical storage device which emulates the storage of electrical energy by converting it to mechanical energy. The input energy to the FESS (Flywheel Energy storage System) is usually drawn from an electrical source coming from the grid or any other source of electrical energy. 

In the load levelling and peak shaving applications, by means of appropriate control systems and converters, the FES stores the kinetic energy during the off-peak time, when the demand is low and this stored energy is used during the peak time, when the demand is high. They also can be used to reduce the intermittencies of renewable energy systems by supplying real power to the system when necessary. The flywheel uses the kinetic energy, i.e., rotational energy of a massive rotating cylinder to store the energy in the form of mechanical energy. Through magnetically levitated bearings, this large cylinder is supported over a stator and electric motor/generator is coupled with the flywheel. 

Design link Fusion 360]:

https://a360.co/3CrO0AO – FlyWheel_storage

Design link Fusion 360]:

https://a360.co/3C1xUMW – FlyWheel_storage-split

Ultra-Capacitor energy storage system:

This is an efficient storage mechanism in which it is used over the traditional battery storage systems. It will provide lesser mass, volume and energy density. Then the capacitor based storage has a higher power density which is the most important factor for space exploration missions. It is less expensive than lithium-ion batteries and reduces weight by 50%.

We can increase the voltage across the system by increasing the number of cells or tiles in the layers present in the module. We can also increase the capacitance of the system by adding more layers to the modules present in the system. In terms of safety terms the capacitance based storage system.

Design link Fusion 360]:

https://a360.co/3SAQnH9 – UltraCapacitors_storage

As far as the energy storage is concerned, the primary goal for any energy storage technology is to provide power at the highest possible specific energy with sufficient durability in the mission environment and, in the case of rechargeable technologies, sufficient life cycle. Battery systems are based on electro-chemical storage reactions (redox reactions) and they are used in all space missions for providing power in a multitude of systems. State of the art primary and secondary batteries are heavy and bulky, due to the fact that the intrinsic energy and power capabilities of the battery technology are not easy to adjust to the power supply needs. Indeed, for high power applications, batteries are generally oversized in energy. Similarly, for high energy applications, the batteries are generally oversized in power. Furthermore, battery systems are facing various safety issues due to the reactivity of the electrode materials and the interactions between the electrode materials and the electrolyte, especially for the lithium-ion battery cells.

Capacitors are another class of energy storage device. Capacitors are passive two-terminal electrical components used to electrostatically store energy in an electric field. Unlike batteries, capacitors do not dissipate energy and employ non faradaic processes to store charge. Therefore, they achieve a far longer life cycle and outstanding power density. Supercapacitors are electrochemical storage devices which can store electric energy in the electrochemical double layer between high surface area electrodes and an electrolyte. Supercapacitors store 10 to 100 times more energy per unit of mass or volume than regular capacitors. The advantages of supercapacitors are their high power density, the capability of operating at low temperatures (down to -40ºC), the large instantaneous discharge capability, the high life cycle and the fast recharge capability.

By bridging the gap between batteries and capacitors, supercapacitors present a significantly longer life cycle and high-power capability on both charge and discharge processes. Scientific efforts to improve the low specific energy move towards development of hybrid supercapacitors, employing materials at electrode level that simultaneously combine two kinds of energy storage, i.e. non-faradaic charge as classic Electric Double Layer Capacitors (EDLC) capacitors and faradaic more battery-like processes. That is, hybridization of supercapacitor banks with Li-Ion batteries , which is used in industry in order to optimize the energy storage capability.

Supercapacitors offer clear advantages as opposed to batteries for applications where increased power density is preferred to high energy density.

Several potential application examples for telecommunications, satellites, flight control and electric propulsion, among others, are listed below:

• Geostationary Orbit subsystems: supercapacitors can keep a satellite’s power supply from fluctuating as the satellite loads change.
• Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) payload: imaging devices are characterized by the emission of narrow high power pulses. Supercapacitors can provide the necessary energy for the train duration.
• High-power radar supply for small-satellite earth-observation missions supercapacitors can provide the necessary power and fulfil the low mass requirements.
• Flight control surfaces, including launch vehicle actuation systems and supercapacitors can provide the high power density and energy storage these systems require.
• Electrical thrust vector control for launchers supercapacitors can provide the necessary power density required for this use.
• Electric propulsion: a resist to jet thruster that replaces the cold gas (Xe and Kr) system with supercapacitors managed to improve the specific impulse up to 28%
• Release mechanisms: used to deploy equipment such as solar panels, these are triggered after receiving a single pulse signal. Supercapacitors can be applied for this use.

Future scope:

We hope to achieve a stable procedure to take up energy efficient solutions to drive for all future explorations even in the extreme conditions of temperatures. Due to the advancement in materials we could go and touch the cornea of the sun in the Solar Parker Probe Mission to the sun. This could also prove that a mission can be taken to the hottest planet Venus and successfully land to carry out a mission for more than just a few hours. With the method of hexagonal shielding process we can block external extreme heat for sometime and extend the mission duration. Hence we can learn more about the Earth’s Twin that is Venus for various aspects like touse Venus as a reference to understand how Earth-sized planets around other stars evolve and what conditions might exist there. Studying Venus helps scientists get answers to questions like that while simultaneously gaining insights into what makes Earth a haven for life. To that end, Venus also helps scientists model Earth’s climate, and serves as a cautionary tale on how dramatically a planet’s climate can change.

From the above points it suggests that to save our planet from reaching the extreme conditions we can take Venus as the reference and model to channelize our solutions to fight extreme weather conditions.  

Hardware tools used sources: 

• NASA Jet propulsion systems 
•  NASA SBIR [small business innovation research] projects. 

Software used:

• Design of models done in Fusion360/SolidWorks
• Analysis done in Fusion360/Ansys.

NASA science - solar exploration : https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/resources/549/energy-storage-technologies-for-future-planetary-science-missions/

NASA - Tech Port : https://techport.nasa.gov/view/92914

NASA SBIR Program : https://sbir.nasa.gov/SBIR/abstracts/21/sbir/phase1/SBIR-21-1-S3.03-3308.html

NASA - Venus Resources : https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/news/1519/venus-resources/?page=0&per_page=40&order=created_at+desc&search=&tags=Venus&category=324

NASA - AREE : https://www.nasa.gov/feature/automaton-rover-for-extreme-environments-aree/

NASA - Previous year challenge: https://2019.spaceappschallenge.org/challenges/planets-near-and-far/memory-maker/details

Shukrayaan- ISRO : https://blog.jatan.space/p/isro-venus-orbiter-launch-2024

Veritas - NASA: https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/veritas/overview/

The space agency data was used to understand the importance of Venus exploration and it inspired the team to choose it as a challenge as well.

Aspire, Inspire , Innovate and Achieve form the blocks of Space Apps Experience. Learning is a life process..

"One wheel alone does not turn and keep the cart in motion" -Kautilya, Arthashastra

Teamwork and the spirit of critical thinking and influence over the ideology of engineering solution through persistence and consistency. Patience and teamwork was the key to resolve all our challenges.

Exploring Venus together as a challenge fascinated Team Venera to design a model for this challenge. The team used fusion 360 to design the storage system.

Understanding the domain and proposing a suitable design which is efficient and that could pass all the thermal analysis and nodal analysis was a challenging area the team faced.

We would like to thank our local leads for the smooth process of the hackathon.

Regards,

Team Venera.

• https://passive-components.eu/supercapacitors-applications-in-space-development-conducted-by-esa-and-challenges-to-overcome/#:~:text=Supercapacitors%20have%20lately%20captured%20the,%C3%97%20106)%20%5B2%5D.
• https://www.space.com/venus-exploration-campaign-nasa-missions
• https://arc.aiaa.org/doi/10.2514/1.A34617#:~:text=Other%20metals%2C%20including%20Ta%2C%20Mo,viable%20alloy%20for%20Venus%20exploration.
• https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/venus/exploration/?page=0&per_page=10&order=launch_date+desc%2Ctitle+asc&search=&tags=Venus&category=33#ancient-observers
• https://techport.nasa.gov/view/92914
• https://www.nasa.gov/feature/automaton-rover-for-extreme-environments-aree/
•   https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/venus/overview/   
• https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-venus-2/in-depth/ 
• https://www.researchgate.net/figure/High-efficiency-oxygen-hydrogen-generation-and-energy-storage-in-space-applications_fig1_318295841

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