Go Cosmo

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ikGRFpnexIGg4YI3qOpcnCNtnbKJIshK/view?usp=sharing

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ih2eXdV7IK3EO4TixEF5RJm21tvokGaX/view?usp=sharing

Credit: CarbonBrief

Flood Disasters, What Have I Learnt to Help My Country?

The INFORM 2019 Risk Index 26 (Table 4) ranks Malaysia 42nd out of 191 countries for flood and place Malaysia in the top third of countries at risk. In contrast to its relatively high levels of exposure, Malaysia ranks low in terms of vulnerability (ranked joint 106th with Sweden). The Inform Risk Index identifies specific risks across a country to support decisions on prevention, preparedness, response and a country’s overall risk management. (Source: Climate Risk Profile for Malaysia)

Flood

Malaysia is particularly vulnerable to flooding, with this natural hazard contributing more damage than any other the country experiences. Frequency and extremity of flood events have increased in recent decades with projections they could increase with continued global warming. Paltan et al. (2018) show that even under lower emissions pathways coherent with the Paris Climate Agreement almost all Asian countries could face an increase in the frequency of extreme river flows. Willner et al. (2014) suggests the median increase in the population affected by an extreme (90th percentile) river flood by 2035–2044 as a result of climate change is approximately 102,290 people (see Table 5). This represents an increase of 140% from the population exposed to extreme flooding in 1971–2004. (Source: Climate Risk Profile for Malaysia)

TABLE 5 Estimated number of people in Malaysia affected by an extreme river flood (extreme river flood is defined as being in the 90th percentile in terms of numbers of people affected) in the historic period 1971–2004 and the future period 2035–2044 Figures represent an average of all four RCPs and assume present day population distributions

From the open data from NASA and other country, there are some methods to deal with the flood disasters from getting happening.

First of all, there are some satellites which are responsible to monitor to track all the floods all around the world. For example, the RADARSAT satellites. (Source: Canadian Space Agency). Besides, The Global Flood Monitoring System (GFMS) is a NASA-funded experimental system using real-time TRMM Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) and Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) precipitation information as input to a quasi-global (50°N - 50°S) hydrological runoff and routing model running on a 1/8th degree latitude/longitude grid. (Source: University of Mary)

Next, we can make sure of the NASA Disasters Mapping Portal in preparedness, response, mitigation, and recovery due to floods. Remote sensing data can be used to identify the vulnerability, exposure, and flooding risk of communities as well as help mitigate the social and economic impacts. NASA Earth observations can help scientists, application-based users, and decision makers understand factors contributing to flood events, respond to events in near real-time, and map flood inundation and its impacts post-event. This toolkit is designed to support this research by providing easy access to data and other resources. (Source: NASA)

Last but not least, with all the data we might have through the system, we hope to overcome the impact of climate change from days to days.

• Credit: Canadian Space Agency

Taking action in the event of natural disasters

Because of climate change, natural disasters, such as floods are becoming more frequent and severe. Quite often, they threaten the safety of entire cities. In order to better coordinate their emergency response activities during a disaster, authorities around the world often turn to satellites. The 17 member organizations, including Canada, a founding member of the International Charter "Space and Major Disasters," are working together and promptly sharing their satellite data to assist people and protect infrastructure.

Credit: Canadian Space Agency

Thanks to RADARSAT satellites. Emergency response teams on the ground use valuable data provided by RADARSAT-2 and the RCM to make informed decisions and effectively plan their response to disasters. For example, RADARSAT satellites can help monitor and assess the extent of flooding, thanks to their radar systems capable of scanning the Earth at all times, day or night through any weather conditions.

NASA possesses unique geospatial assets and modelling capabilities. The NASA Disasters Program provides partners with data, mapping, and imagery to help to provide situational awareness and inform decision-making before, during, and after disasters. The NASA Disasters Mapping Portal takes disaster-related data and puts it into understandable, usable formats for use by emergency managers, interagency organizations, and the public. The goal is to bridge the gap between science products and the people who can use the data to assist in preparedness, response, mitigation, and recovery.

(Source: NASA Disasters Mapping Portal Product Guide)

The Global Flood Monitoring System (GFMS) is a NASA-funded experimental system using real-time TRMM Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) and Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) precipitation information as input to a quasi-global (50°N - 50°S) hydrological runoff and routing model running on a 1/8th degree latitude/longitude grid. Flood detection/intensity estimates are based on 13 years of retrospective model runs with TMPA input, with flood thresholds derived for each grid location using surface water storage statistics (95th percentile plus parameters related to basin hydrologic characteristics). Streamflow, surface water storage,inundation variables are also calculated at 1km resolution.In addition, the latest maps of instantaneous precipitation and totals from the last day, three days and seven days are displayed. (Source: University of Mary)

Credit to Global Flood Monitoring System, University of Maryland.

Some flood toolkits and Remote sensing data can be used to identify the vulnerability, exposure, and flooding risk of communities as well as help mitigate the social and economic impacts. NASA Earth observations can help scientists, application-based users, and decision makers understand factors contributing to flood events, respond to events in near real-time, and map flood inundation and its impacts post-event. This toolkit is designed to support this research by providing easy access to data and other resources. (Source: Earth Data)

Rainfall

Any place where rain falls is susceptible to flooding. Measuring rainfall helps advance our understanding of Earth's water cycle, improving forecasts of extreme events such as flooding.

Snow Cover and Snow Water Equivalent

Both seasonal and long-term changes to snow cover can impact the amount of water flowing through watersheds, resulting in a water deficit or a water abundance. The amount of snow pack and timing of snow melt affects flood risk.

Soil Moisture

Understanding soil moisture aids in improving weather forecasts and predicting floods. Soil moisture controls the amount of water that can infiltrate the ground, replenish our aquifers, or contribute to excess runoff.

Topography

Knowing local topography is essential for disaster managers and emergency management professionals seeking to assess an area's risk level; knowing the height at which communities sit in relation to flood waters determines the exposure.

Flood Inundation with Land Surface Reflectance

Understanding and mapping flood inundation is critical to assessing the scope of the disaster, where the damage is greatest, and where to respond with relief efforts.

Flood Inundation with Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)

Understanding and mapping flood inundation is critical to assessing the scope of the disaster, where the damage is greatest, and where to respond with relief efforts. The wavelengths used for creating SAR imagery can penetrate clouds, smoke, soil, ice, and tree canopies, meaning that high-relief SAR imagery can be created day or night, rain or shine. SAR imagery can be used to assess post-storm flood and storm-surge damage along with shoreline changes.

Thanks God for HIS blessings.

I hope to get closer to learn more about this SPACE APPS.

Thanks for the motivation from friends and mentors in SPACE APPS.

I manage to summit within time frame of 48 hours.

It's not easy to solve the challenge.

However, I hope to create awareness among youngsters and everyone to continue caring for the Mother Earth. Without Mother Earth, there would be no us then.

Let's continue our journey.

Go Cosmo,

And see you next year.

https://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/satellites/everyday-lives/climate-change.asp

https://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/satellites/disasters.asp

https://appliedsciences.nasa.gov/join-mission/publications-resources/nasa-disasters-mapping-portal-product-guide

http://flood.umd.edu/

https://appliedsciences.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/2021-0/NASA_Disasters_Mapping_Portal_Product_Guide_202109.pdf

https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/toolkits/disasters-toolkit/floods-toolkit

https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/sites/default/files/2021-08/15868-WB_Malaysia%20Country%20Profile-WEB.pdf

https://climate.nasa.gov/ask-nasa-climate/3125/extreme-makeover-human-activities-are-making-some-extreme-events-more-frequent-or-intense/

https://climate.nasa.gov/internal_resources/2486/

European Commission (2019). INFORM Index for Risk Management. Bhutan Country Profile. URL: https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/Countries/Country-Profile-Map

Kuok Ho, Daniel Tang. (2018). Climate change in Malaysia: Trends, contributors, impacts, mitigation and adaptations. Science of the Total Environment. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.316. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30290336/

Loo, Yen Yi & Billa, Lawal & Singh, Ajit. (2014). Effect of climate change on seasonal monsoon in Asia and its impact on the variability of monsoon rainfall in Southeast Asia. Geoscience Frontiers. 36. 10.1016/j.gsf.2014.02.009. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S167498711400036X

WRI (2018). AQUEDUCT Global Flood Analyzer. URL: https://floods.wri.org/# [Accessed: 22/11/2018]

Paltan, H., Allen, M., Haustein, K., Fuldauer, L., & Dadson, S. (2018). Global implications of 1.5°C and 2°C warmer worlds on extreme river flows Global implications of 1.5°C and 2°C warmer worlds on extreme river flows. Environmental Research Letters, 13. URL: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aad985/meta

Sa’adin, S. L. B., Kaewunruen, S., & Jaroszweski, D. (2016). Heavy rainfall and flood vulnerability of Singapore-Malaysia high speed rail system. Australian Journal of Civil Engineering, 14(2), 123–131. URL: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14488353.2017.1336895

Willner, S., Levermann, A., Zhao, F., Frieler, K. (2018). Adaptation required to preserve future high-end river flood risk at present levels. Science Advances: 4:1. URL: https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/1/eaao1914

# floods # disasters # climate change # RADARSATS