TREASURE-N18

https://codepen.io/mariam33/full/qBYxjXm https://drive.google.com/file/d/1-gewnP1_6FRdRrsbv9Is90TPdbwjKo8V/view?usp=drivesdk

https://codepen.io/mariam33/full/qBYxjXm

Venus is the “sister” of Earth, as it has a dense atmosphere consisting of 96% carbon dioxide, an atmospheric pressure of 93 bar and an average surface temperature of 460 degrees . so We will generate energy from the high temperature on the planet . Do you want to know how?

➢ what’s the problem and why we chose it :-

For in situ planetary exploration missions, energy is required to power scientific instruments, gather and process the data collected, and communicate the results back to Earth. Energy is also often required to move a vehicle on the surface. Batteries are typically used to store and deliver this energy. However, currently available batteries cannot operate in the extreme environment on the surface of Venus. The temperature is extremely hot (~460 C) and the high-pressure atmosphere (~93 bar) contains caustic chemicals (SO2, HCl, HF). Exposed to these conditions, common batteries would rapidly fail. All previous missions to the surface of Venus have been designed to operate for short durations (less than two hours). In those missions, the components were contained in a pressure vessel, which eventually heated up to a temperature at which the components could no longer operate and the mission ended, So we can’t generate energy to help us explore

So we chose this idea in order to build a device that generates sustainable energy on the planet, where it can withstand the high temperatures in the planet, and the way to take advantage of that heat

➢scientific background:-

How did we come up with a way to conduct heat?

Electricity generation turbines Electricity generating turbines are one of the fastest growing sources of electric power, as they generate electric power without polluting the atmosphere with greenhouse gases, unlike power generation methods that use fossil fuels. Its rotation so that part of the kinetic energy of the wind is transferred to the last part, and the generator, which in turn converts the kinetic energy into electrical energy. The principle of work of electricity generation turbines The electricity generation turbines are used in sequential steps that depend on the intensity of the wind, in order to convert wind energy into electrical energy, and the principle of work of these turbines can be summarized as follows:

First, the wind causes the turbine blades to rotate by giving them part of their kinetic energy. Second: Inside the turbine cover, the transmission shifts the slow rotation of the shaft connected to the blades to higher speeds, in order to achieve efficient electric power generation in the generator. Third, a generator placed directly behind the transmission converts kinetic energy into electrical energy. Fourth: The turbine and some devices also measure wind speed and direction, and based on these measurements, the turbine can move its entire upper part (the cover and blades) using an engine located between the turbine tower and its upper part; So that the air hits the turbine directly to generate the most energy ، Fifth: The electric current is then transmitted through wires located inside the tower to the bottom, where there is an electrical transformer that converts the electricity to a voltage about 50 times higher to be transferred with high efficiency to the electricity network. The stronger the wind, the greater the generation of electrical energy, and to exploit the places where the wind reaches a lot, more than one wind turbine is placed next to each other in the so-called wind farms, and more than one wind farm is connected to the electricity network.The average diameter of the wind turbine blades is 70 meters. , while the height of the generator is about 85 meters from the surface of the earth, and the reason for this height is that the wind speed is directly proportional to the height; Doubling the turbine height will increase the generation capacity by a third.

How will we deliver energy from heat to the turbines?

Thermoelectric generators (TEG) are solid-state semiconductor devices that convert a temperature difference and heat flow into a useful DC power source. Thermoelectric generator semiconductor devices utilize the Seebeck effect to generate voltage. This generated voltage drives electrical current and produces useful power at a load.

The basic building block of a thermoelectric generator is a thermocouple. A thermocouple is made up of one p-type semiconductor and one n-type semiconductor. The semiconductors are connected by a metal strip that connects them electrically in series. The semiconductors are also known as thermoelements, dice or pellets.

The Seebeck effect is a direct energy conversion of heat into a voltage potential. The Seebeck effect occurs due to the movement of charge carriers within the semiconductors. In doped n-type semiconductors, charge carriers are electrons and in doped p-type semiconductors, charge carriers are holes. Charge carriers diffuse away from the hot side of the semiconductor. This diffusion leads to a buildup of charge carriers at one end. This buildup of charge creates a voltage potential that is directly proportional to the temperature difference across the semiconductor.

How are we going to collect more heat from the atmosphere into the thermoelctric generator?

Heat sinks are one of the most common forms of thermal management in technology, machinery, and even in natural systems. These components are so ubiquitous that they’re easy to overlook, even by those who are familiar with the technology. We’ll address the basic working principles involved in heat sinks, introduce active and passive heat sink configurations, and discuss how some users implement heat sinks in their applications.

What is a Heat Sink?

A heat sink is a component that increases the heat flow away from a hot device. It accomplishes this task by increasing the device’s working surface area and the amount of low-temperature fluid that moves across its enlarged surface area. Based on each device’s configuration, we find a multitude of heat sink aesthetics, design, and ultimate capabilities. You can see a straight fin heat sink in the image at the top of this article and a flared fin heat sink in the image below. Each heat sink is valuable in applications that may have varying:

How Does a Heat Sink Work?

A heat sink works by moving heat away from a critical component. Nearly all heat sinks accomplish this task in four basic steps:

1.The source generates heat. This source may be any system that creates heat and requires the removal of said heat to function correctly, such as:

-Mechanical

-Electrical

-Chemical

-Nuclear -Solar

-Friction

2.Heat transfers away from the source. Heat pipes can also aid in this process, but we’ll cover those components separately. In direct heat sink-contact applications, heat moves into the heat sink and away from the source via natural conduction. The heat sink material’s thermal conductivity directly impacts this process. That’s why high thermal conductivity materials such as copper and aluminum are most common in the construction of heat sinks.

3.Heat distributes throughout the heat sink. Heat will naturally travel through the heat sink via natural conduction moving across the thermal gradient from a high temperature to a low-temperature environment. This ultimately means that the heat sink’s thermal profile will not be consistent. As such, heat sinks will often be hotter towards the source and cooler towards the sink’s extremities.

4.Heat moves away from the heat sink. This process relies on the heat sink’s temperature gradient and its working fluid―most commonly air or a non-electrically-conductive liquid. The working fluid passes across the surface of the warm heat sink and utilizes thermal diffusion and convection to remove heat away from the surface and into the ambient environment. This stage relies on, yet again, a temperature gradient to remove heat from the heat sink. Therefore, if the ambient temperature is not cooler than the heat sink, no convection and subsequent heat removal will occur. This step is also where the total surface area of the heat sink becomes most advantageous. A large surface area provides an increased area for thermal diffusion and convection to occur.

How will we protect the devices from high temperature?

We are in the midst of a new race to explore outer space, and new materials are at the forefront of technological advancement. Consider the needs of a spacesuit. It must protect the astronaut from the extreme temperatures of space, yet be as thin and light as possible to aid in manoeuvrability.

NASA developed aerogel insulation materials for use in space exploration, but in recent years, aerogels have become commercially available and are finding uses in a variety of other areas.Aerogels are advanced materials that, due to their ultra-porous structure, allow engineers to design not only new thermal insulation for space suits and vehicles, but also filters, batteries, solar heat collectors, and more.

However, “aerogels” are not a type of material. Rather, they are a special form of solid that can be made from silica, polymers, oxides, carbon, and other materials. Though aerogels are solid, they contain so many tiny voids, or “pores,” that they are mostly composed of air.

What is an aerogel?

Aerogels are ultra-porous materials, which means that although they are solid, they are full of tiny air-filled holes called pores. Those pores are the key to aerogels’ unique properties. While many materials are porous, such as foams and certain ceramics, aerogels are an extreme case.

In aerogels, pores make up most of the material, resulting in an ultra-light solid material. The pores in aerogels are also extremely small, far smaller than a human hair and too tiny to be seen with the naked eye. As a result, aerogels are so light and translucent that they have nicknames like “solid cloud” and “frozen smoke”.

➢Tools:

-Pressure-resistant box made of steel.

-Aerogei

-TEG device

-Heat Sink

-Electrical wires

-turbines

-neodymium magnets

-Lithium sulfur batteries

➢ Methods:-

Let's head over to the Surface Lander at the beginning of our conversation and pay some attention to it.

In order to ensure the safety of the vehicle above the surface of Venus, we will cover it with a pressure-resistant material made of iron mixed with titanium and a layer of nickel. To ensure its safety from corrosion and to complete its exploration journey in peace and security.

How are we going to provide power for this vehicle?

  We thought a lot about solving this problem and found it appropriate and through many continuous efforts to devise an unconventional method that might be suitable to require the vehicle's journey and power it throughout its exploration.

Our idea depends on generating energy by using a TEG device and using some other equipment that we will mention later.

These devices will be installed on the surface lander, and this is a feature that makes it easy to use, light in carrying, and easy to travel and move around, so that the vehicle can complete its exploratory journey with the maximum benefit of time.

The project is distinguished from others by extending the vehicle with a source of permanent current, which makes it move for the period it needs without facing the problem of running out of batteries.

First: We will use a pressure-resistant box in the shape of an oval made of an alloy made of steel, which is used in its manufacture of the metal tungsten, Which can withstand heat in the pure state up to 3422, and the steel is very brittle in the pure state, so we will use it to form an alloy and we will add a layer of nickel on the outside of the box to ensure the safety of the device from corrosion, the box contains from the inside a layer of Aerogel where It works to isolate the heat from the device.

Second: We will use a TEG device and place it so that it is part of the steel structure. The back part will be facing the outer space and we will put a heat sink on top of it and this side will be hotter than the other part inside the device.

The heat sink will be made of steel to have the ability to withstand high temperatures and pressures. Even in the event of a crash, the device will be able to work without facing any problems.

Third: The outer part will be hotter than the inner part, and the TEG device will generate an electric current from the potential difference arising during temperature differences.

Fourth: The electric current generated, we will connect it to the turbine device directly and it will start the movement of the rotating turbine fan horizontally, if it is fixed and does not move unless it starts its movement manually.

4 magnets are installed in the north, east, south and west directions around the turbine fan with a measured distance, and the symmetrical poles of the magnets installed around the fan and installed on the arms of the shocker will be opposite, to create a repulsion between them, creating an unstoppable circular motion that results in the generation of a permanent and strong current to operate the vehicle.

Fifth: We will connect wires between the turbine and the vehicle to extend it with power directly to supply it with energy while it is traveling and we will connect it to the batteries at the same time to charge the excess energy in the batteries by connecting the batteries by connecting them in parallel and increasing the resistance of the wire connected to the batteries to focus the current on the vehicle. This is because the turbine works to convert the kinetic energy arising from rotation into electrical energy.

Sixth: We will make the batteries from lithium sulfur material, as the sulfur lithium battery has a high energy density (theoretically = 2735 W/kg), and it is safer due to the high ionization energy of lithium and its advantages are high energy production, long cycle life, and safe and durable lithium sulfur battery It includes the above optimized components which can be operated at temperatures of 200-500°C.

Seventh: If the vehicle is at rest or stops working, we will charge the batteries only, using the Arduino system that we have made to control the current path, and when the vehicle returns to work again, the system will return to what it was.

Eighth: We will need to charge the batteries the least number of times, which will reduce the lost efficiency resulting from recharging, in order to eventually supply the vehicle with the largest possible energy upon takeoff.

Ninth:

Electric current path:-

Starting with theTEG 

It starts by generating electricity resulting from a difference in voltage.

wires

The current travels through the wires to the motor connected to the turbine fan.

motor

The motor converts electrical energy into kinetic energy through the turbine fan.

Generator

The generator converts kinetic energy into electrical energy again

final current

The current travels to the wires connected to the vehicle parts

In our project we will build our assumption depending on an experiment made by an engineer using a burning stove on the hot side of the TEG and also using a heat sink ( the video is exist at the end of sources) and other average number from other experiments . 

Average voltage = 10v between two ends of the TEG . 

Wires details:

     => length : .5 m (in the real project)

      => width )Wire diameter length) : 0.06 m

Average Rwires ( I will use Silver and we could use copper ):

 2*(ρe*l)/A=2*(1.62 × 10^(-8)*.5)/0.011304=1.433121019*10^(-6)

Conclusion and results

Stored Energy: Our device will not store energy, but will directly generate energy to move the vehicle.

Average Power Produced : 45w> The average power > 3681.25w  

Power source: TEG device, turbine fan located horizontally.

Stored Energy Usage Rate: It is used whenever the vehicle is moving and needs energy.

Self-discharge rate: It will be very low because the batteries are made of lithium sulfur.

Mass: The mass of .1/2 m^3= 3925kg . The borders may be 10% of it then it will be392 kg . and this is not a lot comparing to the vehicle as it must be covered with steel as will to be safe .

Operating temperature range: Using the energy emitted upon entering the atmosphere and the moment of landing: We will use the heat in the planet's atmosphere.

Use of active materials (for example, in the case of battery, anode, cathode, separator, electrolyte materials): we will use batteries made of lithium sulfur because they can withstand heat and pressure and have many of the advantages that were mentioned.

Whether the protective cover is required: Yes, it is required because the temperature and pressure are very high.

Whether the system can run in any direction: Yes, because it depends only on heat.

Whether the system uses in situ resources from Venus (such as carbon dioxide): We only use heat from the Sun.

Whether the system can be recharged: rechargeable "recharge batteries".

Whether the system is able to withstand forces and vibrations due to launch, re-entry, descent and landing: Yes While the vehicle is in safety then the device is safe.

Whether the system is able to withstand partial failure while still providing energy: Yes, if the TEG device fails after its operation even once, the turbine will complete its movement and will not need the current flowing from the device again

We used sources to find out information about the planet Venus, and they were explaining about the nature of the planet, the temperature, and many information that scientists discovered about the planet, missions to Venus, the discovery of mysterious things, the evolution of the planet, and a lot of useful information, and other sources like The Rover vehicle, and it contained information about the vehicle’s installation, purpose, what it does and how it helps in exploration, and another source about Lithium-Sulfur Battery for Venus Missions, which helped us figure out how to make our device efficient and save batteries, and from what These batteries are made, how do they work and their advantages.

https://techport.nasa.gov/view/92914

https://www.nasa.gov/feature/automaton-rover-for-extreme-environments-aree/

https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/news/1519/venus-resources/?page=0&per_page=40&order=created_at+desc&search=&tags=Venus&category=324

It was a very wonderful experience, I learned many things, I learned more information about space and about new things discovered by NASA, and I knew how to do a good search and build a project and work with a team and share work and help each other to reach one goal, and we used many sources from NASA To help us build the project, and we were a very helpful team, discussing and solving problems that confront us by sharing our ideas, and I would like to thank NASA for such a beautiful opportunity that taught us many things.

We were helped by Mustafa Mahdi Abdel Aziz Mahdi, the participant in the Challenge, preparing the habitat of Mars

http://2019.Spaceappschallenge.org

https://2019.spaceappschallenge.org/challenges/planets-near-and-far/memory-maker/details

https://matmatch.com/resources/blog/aerogel-insulating-material-of-the-future/

https://www.nasa.gov/feature/automaton-rover-for-extreme-environments-aree/

https://arc.aiaa.org/doi/10.2514/1.41886

http://Arrow.com

https://www.arrow.com/en/research-and-events/articles/understanding-heat-sinks-functions-types-and-more

https://web.mit.edu/12.000/www/m2005/a2/finalwebsite/equipment/transport/Hull.shtml

https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/news/1519/venus-resources/?page=0&per_page=40&order=created_at%2Bdesc&search=&tags=Venus&category=324

https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/resources/549/energy-storage-technologies-for-future-planetary-science-missions/

https://sbir.nasa.gov/SBIR/abstracts/21/sbir/phase1/SBIR-21-1-S3.03-3308.html

https://techport.nasa.gov/view/92914

http://www.aerogel.org/?p=3

#TEG #Infinite Power #Steel