Project: ARES

TOOLS

Crowbar: Is a metal bar tool that has flatted points at each end, often with a small fissure to help remove nails or prise two materials

or objects apart.

 Screwdriver: Type of hand tool used to insert and remove screws.

Hoe: This is a garden hand tool used to cultivate the soil and remove weeds.

Screw: Most common uses of screws are to hold objects together (such as wood ) and to position objects.

Shovel:  To dig and move loose, granular materials (like dirt, gravel, grain, or snow) from one spot to another. 

Wrench: Are used for gripping, fastening, turning, tightening, and loosening things like pipes, pipe fittings, nuts, and bolts.

Garden hedge sears: Used for shaping shrubs and cutting weeds, overgrown grass, bushes, and shrubs.

3D printed Mars surface habitat analog

Known as Mars Dune Alpha, the 3D printed structure will simulate a realistic Mars habitat to support long-duration, exploration-class space missions. Life in Mars Dune Alpha will resemble the expected experience for those living in a future Mars surface habitat. The layout of the 3D printed habitat was designed to provide separate areas within the habitat for living and working.

Why 3D printing?

Future space exploration settlements have the potential to be 3D printed with additive construction technology to eliminate the need to launch large quantities of building materials on multiple flights, which is cost prohibitive.

Crew Missions: Three different crews will be selected to live in Mars Dune Alpha for one-year missions. Each crew will include four individuals and two alternates. The analog missions will provide valuable insights and information to assess NASA’s space food system as well as physical and behavioral health and performance outcomes for future space missions. }

Research from Mars Dune Alpha habitat will be used by NASA to inform risk and resource trades to support crew health and performance while living on Mars during an extended duration mission.

Habitat Print Stats: Tech: ICON’s next generation Vulcan construction system Dimensions: 1,700 square feet Material: lavacrete

Mars Dune Alpha features include: Four private crew quarters Dedicated workstations Dedicated medical station Common lounge areas Galley and food growing stations

https://www.nasa.gov/chapea

https://www.nasa.gov/chapea/habitat

https://www.stirworld.com/images/see/2504_Mars_4.jpg?58

Demo Script:

Sent to the red planet is an astronaut. With no tools, no functional Rover, and a journey ahead.

At their disposal, is a basic habitat. It contains the bare neccessities along with running edible water, food, fluctuating oxygen, and three printers, each with their own limitations. Our astronaut's mission is to survive the extreme conditions of Mars, to effectively upgrade his environment for better survival, repair his broken rover, and perform his duties of planetary exploration.

this is where we come in, Project: ARES. Our goal is to perform an Architectural Rendering of Environmental Structures on Mars. Our designs provides this astronaut the key for succes in three basic missions. One, acquire tools to aid during his stay; Two, repair the Rover resulting in easier transportation and acquisition of materials, and three, protect his environment while creating a functioning food source.

How are we doing this? Through the design of multi-purpose tools and model blueprints for the wheel and other appliances, our astronaut is able to be the hero of his own story through our interactive plan.

We, the members of Project: ARES make it our goal to facilitate space exploration, and independent learning for present and future generations of space explorers.

Humanity is pushing for the stars, To Infinity and Beyond!

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Team name along with challenge

Tasked with the challenge of Outfitting a Martian habitat

Our objectives are:

• Reparing a damaged Rover Wheel
• Creating a sustenaible Food source
• Upgrading and shielding housing environment
• Acquiring multi-pupose tools.

We are

Providing sustainable life systems

Facilitating planetary exploration

Solving Martian mysteries

Creating the perfect conditions for life on Mars.

Today it's Mars, tomorrow it's the universe

Let's push for the stars, To Infinity and Beyond!

A bit of background information, context, and restrictions:

Our lone astronaut has been sent on a mission designed to test the long-term effects of isolation while surviving on another celestial body. Prefab materials and resources were sent ahead of their arrival, with robots helping manufacture and set up their habitat. However, due to budget restraints, these resources are limited, and the habitat is extremely basic -- only containing the bare minimum of food, water, and energy requirements to keep the astronaut alive. Once there, our astronaut will have to manufacture all the additional furniture and infrastructure they will need to survive using their 3D printers, the resources available to them on the surface on Mars, and by scavenging materials from their landing craft.

In addition to the 3 printers and the rover, our astronaut's habitat will include control panels for the 3D printers with which to design their creations, a bed, bathroom, and storage spaces for the materials they brought with them. However, their landing was less than ideal, destroying one of the rover's wheels and the astronaut's tools. Once on Mars, the astronaut's priority will be repairing their rover and creating new tools, both of which they'll need to gather more in-situ materials required for larger sustainability modifications.

Among these modifications, the most critically needed are a gym (to mitigate the effects of Mars' reduced gravity), radiation shielding for the whole habitat, and the construction of an external greenhouse in order to grow more food to make this long-term mission sustainable. However, life on Mars comes with many hidden, often psychological, dangers. Spending extended periods of time in confined spaces can have devastating psychological effects; these can include a decline in mood, morale, and motivation, all of which lead to sleep disorders and depression.

In a mission like the one we're simulating (with only one person in a confined space), these effects are next-to-impossible to completely negate. However, we can try to mitigate them for as long as possible with three main strategies: journaling (to vent frustrations and thoughts), actigraphy (to prevent sleep disorders and fatigue), and a "space garden" (the tending of our greenhouse will double as a secondary, relaxing, activity to boost morale).

What we need in the simplest form:

Water

Oxygen

Food

Fun

Comfort

The effects of radiation.

On Mars one of the most important things to worry about is radiation. Mars's atmosphere is very thin and it doesn’t have a magnetic shield making the radiation bombard the red planet, and this can have some serious effects on life.

 For example: on plants, radiation can affect their growth or fully stop them from growing. They can also gain genetic mutations completely changing the characteristics of the plant. Now on humans, there are many effects all of them are based on the quantity of radiation that hits you. Some of them are hair loss and extended exposure to radiation can affect your heart and brain radiation can kill nerve cells and small blood vessels when they are dead it can kill you almost immediately. These are just some of the effects that radiation has on life.

https://sciencing.com/the-effects-of-radiation-on-plants-12227651.html

https://www.universetoday.com/152232/greenhouses-probably-wont-work-on-mars-because-of-cosmic-radiation-even-the-plants-will-have-to-live-underground/

https://byjus.com/chemistry/harmful-effects-of-radiation/

Project: ARES

A - Architectural

R- Rendering of

E- Environmental

S - Structures

Outfitting a Mars Habitat: A 3D Print Challenge

An Astronaut is stranded on Mars. They are in a pre-built environment which has all the possible provisions needed to survive a certain amount of time (let's discuss this later). There are no tools since the astronaut lost them, and a Rover wheel has been destroyed (let's assume we have some material left from the broken wheel, and that it's not like it was lost).

All this astronaut has to his disposal are three 3-D printers: Metal, plastic, and Concrete.

these printers use Martian material as products to function - Martian Regolith (sand and rock) as well as CO2 in the Martian atmosphere. These materials are melted and chemically processed to create things such as polymers, concrete, metal, etc. So

What are polymers: "Polymers are large molecules made up of long chains or networks of smaller molecules called monomers. Natural polymers include silk, hair, proteins and DNA, while synthetic (man-made) polymers include polyethylene, polypropylene and polyester." (Polymers: from DNA to rubber ducks)

So, polymers are maleable and can be turned into plastics as well as metals. They have also been found to be superior to metals so, they function as the metal for one of the printers.

According to the article "Materials Scientists Make Martian Concrete", Concrete can be made with molten sulfur mixed with Martian soil to create Martian concrete when cooled down.

Metals can be acquired. There are a quantity of them although they are considerably rare. These can be found as alloys because there'll never be 100% pure material. These metals can be: Magnesium, Aluminum, Titanium, Iron, and Chromiun (most common).

Now, that the whereabouts of the material are known, what are our limiting factors?

There are 3 printers:

1. Metal Printer:

This printer can only create small metal objects out of the alloys found. This printer can be used to create support or small pieces needed for the building or structuring of bigger structures. Materials for this printer are limited.

• It has a building volume of: 150mm x 100mm x 100mm. (should research how big this is)
• And a resolution of: 0.1mm. (This is talking about layer height. The lower the number, the higher the resolution).

2. Plastic Printer:

This printer can create big objects out of plastic that have a limited strength (too much stress will break it). Materials for this printer are fairly common which allows for a constant use. It can create the surfaces or interfaces for the different devices and structures created.

• Volume: 310mm x 130mm x 140mm.
• Resolution: 0.1mm.

3. Concrete Printer:

This printer uses Martian concrete to print and can create larger structures. It was used to create the environment the astronaut is currently residing in. It can create large, strong objects but it has a low resolution (meaning it cannot design objects with a lot of detail. This can be used to create the structure and base of furniture on Mars. It is located outside of the habitat which means that the use will be limited per travel. The astronaut will have to travel and take everything by hand as well as bring it back, so it can't be too big, heavy, and there can't be many objects made at once. There is also a limit as it has to fit through the 2m x 2m x 2m airlock.

• Resolution of 25mm.

Our objectives is to create tools, and furnitures to help the current survival of this individual. We must create structures that allow for the making of new food, water, oxygen, and overall wellbeing. We must also make sure that this person is able to fix the Rover's wheel and return to Earth safely or at least alive.

Research, the needs of this individual, his physical condition and requirements to live. The amounts of food he needs to survive as well as water consumed; his way of selfcare like exercise, hygiene, sleep, etc.; The tools he needs; the way of fixing the Rover enough to leave.

We could use the movie "The Martian" as a guide for this.

That's it for now.

Sources:

https://2022.spaceappschallenge.org/challenges/2022-challenges/mars-habitat/details

https://www.concretedecor.net/departments/business-industry/materials-scientists-make-martian-concrete/#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20article%2C%20the,aggregate%20and%20creating%20Martian%20concrete.

https://www.science.org.au/curious/everything-else/polymers#:~:text=Polymers%20are%20large%20molecules%20made,include%20polyethylene%2C%20polypropylene%20and%20polyester.

https://www.aniwaa.com/guide/3d-printers/3d-printing-for-space/#:~:text=The%20Zero%20G%203D%20printer,can%20print%20objects%20in%20plastic.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03602558208067729?cookieSet=1

1. Air
2. Water
3. Food
4. Shelter
5. Rest

Those are the requirements for life to exist. With all of those, we can live without problems.

There are many problems with living on mars, for example almost no oxygen, and water is non-existent or frozen. Luckily on our mission, we have all of these requirements but our problem is our tools, we had a rough landing and most of our tools broke with the impact. Now we need to repair everything that broke to survive.

https://anniemueller.com/what-do-we-need-to-live/

The 3D- printers have 3 types of materials which they can create objects. As we know the Rover lost a wheel and we need it to travel in mars in case we need things to survive. The wheels are made from aluminium, cleats for traction and curved titanium.

-The Mars landers Viking I, Viking II, Pathfinder, Opportunity Rover, and Spirit Rover identified aluminium, iron, magnesium, and titanium in the Martian soil.

As the description says we can find aluminium and titanium in mars, if we find it we can create a new wheel by using hte Metal 3D printer. The cleats are made in a pattern and they are made out of platic, so we can use the 3D plastic printer creating this new cleats to match the ones of the rovers, in this way creating a new wheel for it.