High-Level Project Summary
Methane tracing with satellite triangulation- 1 satellite with 2 spectrometers (or 3 spectrometers)- 1 front and 1 rear (1 down)- Narrow cone for higher resolution- Procedure: 1 front spectrometer detect methane cloud (thickness, concentration and altitude unknown) -Thick cloud with low concentration or thin cloud with high concentration- Rear spectrometer depicts methane same cloud (possible to conclude thickness, concentration and altitude).
Link to Final Project
Link to Project "Demo"
Detailed Project Description
Methane tracing application
Background
- Methane is colorless and odorless hydrocarbon
- Methane is significantly more harmful greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide.
- damaging also the ozone layer.
- methane is formed when organic material rots in an anoxic state.
- as hydrocarbon methane can be used as fuel.
Problem
- Sources of methane emissions is difficult to find because methane cloud is invisible
- Methane can be detected on satellite imagery on a given spectrum
- methane cloud is two-dimensional in images taken directly downwards
- contentration, thickness and altitude of methane cloud is difficult to determine
- Methane emissions could at least be reduced and at best eliminated completely by finding the sources of methane emissions
- In the major emission sources methane could potentially be recovered and used as fuel.
Objects
- Detecting methane clouds in the atmosphere in three-dimensionally.
- Determining concentration, thickness, altitude and shape.
- Finding the source of the methane emission.
- Forecasting the spread of the methane cloud.
Solutions
2 satellite imaging concepts:
- Using 1 satellite with 2 (or 3) cameras 1 front and 1 rear (also possibly downwards 2 parallel satellite
- Using 2 satellites in parallel orbits cameras to down and trackline of other satellite
Modeling the form of the methane cloud using wind and atmosphere data.
- Locations of methane emission sources can be determined directly.
- Locations of methane emission sources can be estimated and based on them to plan more detailed satellite imaginaries.
Modeling methane spreading using atmospheric data.
- Determining methane emission sources and spreading by using the same mathematical modelling tool.
- collecting data from satellite imaginaries and comparing it to mathematical modelling results will improve accuracy of modelling tool.
Space Agency Data
Methane observed by Sentinel-5p TROPOMI
Carbon Monoxide observed by Sentinel-5p TROPOMI
Hackathon Journey
Data hacking, Inspiration was Nord Stream leak.
References
Karppinen, T.; Lamminpää, O.; Tukiainen, S.; Kivi, R.; Heikkinen, P.; Hatakka, J.; Laine, M.; Chen, H.; Lindqvist, H.; Tamminen, J.; Vertical Distribution of Arctic Methane in 2009–2018 Using Ground-Based Remote Sensing. Remote Sens., 2020, 12, 917. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12060917
* Tukiainen, S.; Railo, J.; Laine, M.; Hakkarainen, J.; Kivi, R.; Heikkinen, P.; Chen, H.; Tamminen, J.; Retrieval of atmospheric CH4 profiles from Fourier transform infrared data using dimension reduction and MCMC, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 2016, 121, 10, 312–10, 327, doi:10.1002/2015JD024657.
https://www.windy.com/?58.551,20.464,5,m:fs8ahdq
https://eodashboard.org/explore?poi=CH4-N1
https://eodashboard.org/explore?poi=WorldCO-N1
Tags
#methane #triangulation #Sentinel-5p TROPOMI #nordStream